Lady Macbeth is the True villain :: Macbeth essays

Woman Macbeth is the True miscreant         In the Shakespearian play 'Macbeth', it is by all accounts that each one feels that Macbeth is the scalawag. Yet, in undeniable reality Lady Macbeth is the villain.  Lady Macbeth utilizes her craftiness and tricky aptitudes to over force Macbeth into murdering King Duncan. At the point when Lady Macbeth gets the letter educating her regarding the witches' predictions, she quickly imagines that she and Macbeth should murder King Duncan. She calls Macbeth to kind to slaughter King Duncan and saying that   Is to ful o' the milk of human thoughtfulness to get the closest way Woman Macbeth-Act 1 scene V.         Lady Macbeth realizes that King Duncan must be slaughtered for Macbeth to become lord, woman Macbeth fells to female to be embroiled in this destruction so she proceeds to request that the divine beings fill her with mercilessness and detest yet to at present have the prophylactic forces to trick an unassuming person like Macbeth.   Come, you spirits that tend on moral considerations, unsex me here, Also, fill me, from the crown to the toe, Top-brimming with direst brutality.  Make thick my blood. Woman Macbeth-Act 1 scene V   This section shows Lady Macbeth requesting that the divine beings fill her with all mercilessness and hate to submit the murdering of King Duncan however to have external beguiling characteristics to see others like Macbeth himself.   Woman Macbeth is getting befuddled that Macbeth is declining to murder King Duncan and she can't carry out the wrongdoing her self in light of the fact that obviously King Duncan looks like an excessive amount of like her dad. She fells that Macbeth isn't a man and she derides and attempts to convince him to murder King Duncan by saying that he isn't a man and that the best way to turn into a man is to execute the lord (regicide).   At the point when Macbeth will not slaughter King Duncan he fells that it's an inappropriate activity and he wont have the option to live with the blame and he however to him self why murder somebody that has been acceptable so acceptable to me? Macbeth is torn to the part where his better half's affection is more imperative to him than perpetrating awful wrongdoing. Woman Macbeth is the True lowlife :: Macbeth expositions Woman Macbeth is the True lowlife         In the Shakespearian play 'Macbeth', it is by all accounts that each one imagines that Macbeth is the scalawag. Be that as it may, in undeniable reality Lady Macbeth is the villain.  Lady Macbeth utilizes her shrewdness and beguiling abilities to over force Macbeth into slaughtering King Duncan. At the point when Lady Macbeth gets the letter informing her regarding the witches' predictions, she promptly feels that she and Macbeth should execute King Duncan. She calls Macbeth to kind to murder King Duncan and saying that   Is to ful o' the milk of human generosity to get the closest way Woman Macbeth-Act 1 scene V.         Lady Macbeth realizes that King Duncan must be slaughtered for Macbeth to become ruler, woman Macbeth fells to female to be involved in this decimation so she proceeds to request that the divine beings fill her with savagery and loathe yet to at present have the preventative forces to mislead a humble person like Macbeth.   Come, you spirits that tend on moral considerations, unsex me here, Also, fill me, from the crown to the toe, Top-brimming with direst savagery.  Make thick my blood. Woman Macbeth-Act 1 scene V   This entry shows Lady Macbeth requesting that the divine beings fill her with all savagery and hate to submit the executing of King Duncan however to have external tricky characteristics to see others like Macbeth himself.   Woman Macbeth is getting confounded that Macbeth is declining to murder King Duncan and she can't carry out the wrongdoing her self in light of the fact that obviously King Duncan looks like an excessive amount of like her dad. She fells that Macbeth isn't a man and she disparages and attempts to convince him to slaughter King Duncan by saying that he isn't a man and that the best way to turn into a man is to execute the ruler (regicide).   At the point when Macbeth will not slaughter King Duncan he fells that it's an inappropriate activity and he wont have the option to live with the blame and he however to him self why execute somebody that has been acceptable so acceptable to me? Macbeth is torn to the part where his better half's adoration is more essential to him than carrying out awful wrongdoing.

How Odds Are Related to Probability

How Odds Are Related to Probability Ordinarily the chances of an occasion happening are posted. For instance, one may state that a specific games group is a 2:1 most loved to dominate the enormous match. What numerous individuals don't understand is that chances, for example, these are extremely only a rehashing of the likelihood of an occasion. Likelihood thinks about the quantity of victories to the all out number of endeavors made. The chances for an occasion looks at the quantity of victories to the quantity of failures. In what follows, we will perceive what this implies in more noteworthy detail. To begin with, we think about a little documentation. Documentation for Odds We express our chances as a proportion of one number to another. Regularly we read proportion A:B as A to B. Each number of these proportions can be duplicated by a similar number. So the chances 1:2 is proportionate to stating 5:10. Likelihood to Odds Likelihood can be deliberately characterized utilizing set hypothesis and a couple of adages, however the fundamental thought is that likelihood utilizes a genuine number somewhere in the range of zero and one to gauge the probability of an occasion happening. There are an assortment of approaches to consider how to figure this number. One route is to consider playing out a test a few times. We check the occasions that the investigation is effective and afterward isolate this number by the absolute number of preliminaries of the test. In the event that we have A triumphs out of an aggregate of N preliminaries, at that point the likelihood of progress is A/N. In any case, on the off chance that we rather consider the quantity of triumphs versus the quantity of disappointments, we are presently ascertaining the chances for an occasion. In the event that there were N preliminaries and A triumphs, at that point there were N - A B disappointments. So the chances in favor are A to B. We can likewise communicate this as A:B. An Example of Probability to Odds In the previous five seasons, crosstown football equals the Quakers and the Comets have played each other with the Comets winning twice and the Quakers winning multiple times. Based on these results, we can ascertain the likelihood the Quakers win and the chances for their triumphant. There was an aggregate of three successes out of five, so the likelihood of winning this year is 3/5 0.6 60%. Communicated regarding chances, we have that there were three successes for the Quakers and two misfortunes, so the chances for them winning are 3:2. Chances to Probability The count can go the other way. We can begin with chances for an occasion and afterward determine its likelihood. On the off chance that we realize that the chances for an occasion are A to B, at that point this implies there were A victories for A B preliminaries. This implies the likelihood of the occasion is An/(A B ). An Example of Odds to Probability A clinical preliminary reports that another medication has chances of 5 to 1 for relieving an ailment. What is the likelihood that this medication will fix the sickness? Here we state that for each multiple times that the medication fixes a patient, there is one time where it doesn't. This gives a likelihood of 5/6 that the medication will fix a given patient. Why Use Odds? Likelihood is pleasant, and takes care of business, so for what reason do we have a substitute method to communicate it? Chances can be useful when we need to think about how much bigger one likelihood is comparative with another. An occasion with a likelihood 75% has chances of 75 to 25. We can improve this to 3 to 1. This implies the occasion is multiple times bound to happen than not happen.

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Feel Free to Unsubscribe, Unfollow We started this site to add value to other peoples lives. When we embarked on our journey and began simplifying our lives a few years ago, we discovered myriad benefits, and we realized we weren’t the only people who would benefit from the simpler life. So we started sharing our story, and we discovered something amazing: when you add value to people’s lives, they are eager to share your message with their friends and family. When something resonates, we share it: people are intrinsically wired to share value with others; adding value is a basic human instinct. Thanks to the power of sharing, this site has grown to more than four million readers. And the site continues to grow today. Hundreds of thousands of people subscribe via email, and they follow our inspirational messages on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Were grateful for every person who reads our content, finds worth in our words, and shares our message. We appreciate you; we want you here. We dont, however, want anyone to feel obligated to support our site if they dont continue to find value here. We understand that our message will not resonate with everyone. So if you stop finding value in our words, feel free to unsubscribe or unfollow. You wont hurt our feelings. Scouts honor. Wed rather you spend your time and attention on something that adds value to your life. We want you to be happy, and so the last thing we want to do is add to the clutter. This rule shouldn’t apply to only our website, though: no one needs to be offended when someone ‘unfriends’ them on Facebook, or stops following them on Twitter. But unfortunately, many people feel hurt, disrespected, or disregarded when someone leaves their online social circle. Instead of feeling offendedâ€"instead of questioning the other person’s intentionsâ€"we must realize we can’t add value to everyone’s lives all the time: even though someone found value in us previously, that doesn’t mean they will find value now or in the future. People often grow in different directionsâ€"that’s the beauty of life. That said, if you do find merit in our words here at The Minimalists, then please continue to share our essays via email and social media (you can find a list of our most popular essays here). Help us spread the wordâ€"we appreciate the love. Thank you for being part of a movement that is bigger than any one person.

Important Discoveries And Contributions That Were Made By...

Abstract: - The many concepts we currently have in the field of mathematics are thanks to great mathematicians from different cultures throughout time. An important era when great mathematical discoveries were made was during Medieval Times, or the Middle Ages. In this paper we discuss important discoveries and contributions that were made by three famous mathematicians of this time period including French Nicole Oresme, German Jordanus Nemorarius and Italian Leonardo Pisano, better known for his nickname of Fibonacci. Key-Words: - Medieval, Mathematics, Fibonacci, Arithmetic, Sequence 1 Introduction Mathematics has grown and expanded its many concepts thanks to mathematicians from different societies throughout time. A very important era in history is considered to be the Medieval Times, or the middle ages. According to reference [6], â€Å"People use the phrase ‘Middle Ages’ to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.† The Middle Ages, or Medieval Times, are known for their famous art, architecture, crusades among other things, but there were also mathematical contributions happening during this time period. Mathematical concepts that we know and use nowadays are thanks to contributions made from different mathematicians throughout time. The Medieval Times are no exception since great men living in this era contributed to the beautiful subject of mathematics. Some of the many intelligent minds from this eraShow MoreRelatedGreat Events and Contributors in the Field of Mathematics918 Words   |  4 Pagesabout various inventions and discoveries especially in the mathematics field. There were various people who made great contributions to the mathematics field which are applicable and still in use to date. This paper will therefore look at two among the many great events and the contributors of the events in the mathematics field. About 250BC there were various inventions and contributions by Archimedes who was considered as being among the greatest mathematicians in history. He is still honoredRead MorePhysics 11373 Words   |  6 PagesThough his most notable discoveries were in the field of astronomy, we cannot label him simply as an astronomer. He authored many important works including, Sidereal Messenger (also known as Starry Messenger), but unfortunately, due to the power of the Catholic church in his native Italy, his work in astronomy was widely rejected by his countrymen. His contributions to physics also place him in the ranks of the greatest scientists of all time. Without Galileo’s contributions to astronomy, mathematicsRead MoreThe Contribution Of Leonhard Euler1712 Words   |  7 Pagesfascinating and talented man who made significant contributions in mathematics, physics, engineering and astronomy (Stockstill). The incredible amount of work he produced in mathematics has made his name famous around the globe. He has produced more work than any other professional in mathematics (Australian Mathematics). His work in calculus, graph theory, and mathematical notation has greatly influenced mathematics (Euler Website). Euler was a great 18th-century mathematician but also worked in music theoryRead MoreCompilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions11615 Words   |  47 PagesI. Greek Mathematicians Thales of Miletus Birthdate: 624 B.C. Died: 547-546 B. C. Nationality: Greek Title: Regarded as â€Å"Father of Science† Contributions: * He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry. * Discovery that a circle is  bisected  by its diameter, that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal and that  vertical angles  are equal. * Accredited with foundation of the Ionian school of Mathematics that was a centre of learning and researchRead MoreGreece s Impact On The World1360 Words   |  6 PagesKratos-power, which, in literal, means power to the people. Athenian democracy was established as a result of continuous reorganizations with a concept in mind of individual rights for citizens. An excellent quality of the Athenian democracy was that citizens were elected annually and allowed to further a longer term unless an awry situation, then an abrupt change of government can be acted upon on. Direct democracy helped the citizens of Athens to develop intellectually, and broaden their minds, and culturalRead More Mileva Marić Einstein and her contribution to Albert Einsteins work1293 Words   |  6 Pagesmost important papers of his career, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize for that work. He spent the last 30 years of his life working on a unified field theory, but never succeeded. He was never again as successful as when he was with Mileva. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany and died in 1955 in USA. Albert Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize for physics for his services to theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of photoelectric effect. The most important yearRead MoreStanding On The Shoulders Of Giants999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe shoulders of giants† is a very common phrase heard in regards to the scientific community. New and modern works and discoveries are always based on the findings of those that came before them. Even if work done in the past has been proven to be wrong, they still laid the foundation for future scientists to revise their information and improve upon it. One of the most famous and well-known scientists of the times was Leonardo Da Vinci. Da Vinci was born April 15th, 1452 in Italy, by the full nameRead MorePythogoras of Samos Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 Pages Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know little about his achievements. There is nothing that is truly accurate pertaining to Pythagorass writings. Today Pythagoras is certainly a mysterious figure. Little is known of Pythagorass childhood. Pythagorass father was Mnesarchus, and his mother was Pythais. Mnesarchus was a merchant who came from Tyre. Pythais was a native of Samos. AsRead MoreThe Life Of Albert Einstein923 Words   |  4 Pagesgraduated from the Federal Polytechnic School. Soon after that, he became a Swiss citizen, but was unable to find a teaching position, so he accepted a job offer as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office (â€Å"Albert Einstein – Biographical†). Three years later, Einstein and Maric finally get married, and in 1904, they celebrate the new life of their son, Hans Albert (Time Line of Albert Einstein s Life). Since Einstein had plenty of free time at the office, he dedicated that time to beginRead MoreCommon Laboratory Operations5997 Words   |  24 PagesList of the entire famous scientist Alessandro Volta(1745-1827) An Italian Physicist who was a pioneer in the development of electricity. He created the first electric battery in 1800. This battery gave the world its first continuous, reliable source of electric current, and led to all important discoveries of the use of electricity. The unit of measuring electromotive force (emf), Volt(v) is named after him. He also proposed the law that the air expands at a constant rate with increasing temperature

Death of a Salesman - 915 Words

Define The American Dream. In what way does Death of a Salesman point out the hopelessness of chasing this dream? Are there any rewards? The idea of the American Dream is truly subjective. To some, it is living in the lap of luxury in all aspects. To others, it is a chance at a better brighter opportunity for themselves or their families. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman portrays the promise of the American Dream in the form of opportunity, freedom, success and wealth; the ability to acquire all material comforts in American Life, and sacrifices one must make in order to achieve it. For Willy Loman, hard work could not earn him everything that he wanted or thought he deserved. Willy judged life in terms of material wealth.†¦show more content†¦Once again, Willy chooses his fixation on the American Dream, over his marriage and children. Willie lived to pursue the American dream rather than just live it simplistically, and organically. â€Å"Death of A Salesman† puts an immense amount of pressure on its main character. This dream, this idea of true happiness and success is similar to dangling a carrot in the face or a horse. The horse may give chase, running far and fast, but never reaches its intended goal. Willy Loman held onto a dream, and did everything and anything to reach it; even at the expense of his marriage and family. His demise was Rivera 4 tragic and unfortunate, and a result of a consumer oriented society in which he was never able to fit in. He has lost sight of achieving the true goal of the American Dream; happiness and freedom. Willy has made quite an effort in attempt to achieve this goal, such as having an affair, a life away from his family, all of which sent him on a crash course headed for disaster. All of this is proof that living out this American Dream, will never be a reality, unless we live in reality. To chase a dream is hopeless; you must work hard and earn your keep to achieve it, like everybody else. Upon doing so, it is possible to reap the benefits, and collect your reward no matter how tangible or intangeable they may be.Show MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Salesman1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Today, the play The Death of a Salesman is celebrated in many theatres. The play is regarded as one of the finest dramas of American theater play. It was written in 1949 by an American playwright Arthur Miller. After the play was produced, it was first opened at the Morosco Theatre and starred Lee J Cobb as Willy Loman, Cameron Mitchell as Happy, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Howard Smith as Charley and Arthur Kennedy as Biff. The play has been revived on Broadway four times and won manyRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman857 Words   |  4 PagesSome stories have stood the test of time. These stories are relatable are leave readers feared perplexed. Oedipus the King is the tragic story of a man whose figurative blindness at a young age lead to his literal blindness at an old age. The Death of a Salesman converts this to a modern society of a man who just wants to do good for his family but doesn t see the effect of his actions. Although 2400 years separate these stories, readers can still relate to both the same. The genre of tragedy is interpretedRead MoreDeath of a Salesman990 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss â€Å"Death of a Salesman† as a film. How could this film be more film-like? The well known late 1980’s play Death of a Salesman was beautifully crafted and opened my mind up to the reality of some people’s fantasies. When I first began to watch the play, I had immediately noticed that it was a play and not a movie. Usually in a film, there is a hero, heroine, climax, something they are fighting for, and usually (nine times out of ten) a happy, heroic ending. This movie included none, atRead MoreDeath of a Salesman606 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Loman: Victim of the American Dream Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the tale of Willy Loman, a man who falls from the top of the capitalism system in a resonant crash. Being controlled by his fears of the future, and stuck in his memories of the past, Willy fully contributes to his self-victimization by putting little blame on his own mistakes. Although Willy is perceived as selfish, it is important to see that he is misguided. His character is one of a common man, he has neverRead MoreThe, Death Of A Salesman909 Words   |  4 Pagesdesire to be the breadwinners of the family, wish to achieve only success, become unemotional and might take dangerous risk to prove manhood. Many feminist novels, plays or short stories such as Frankenstein, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† showcase the ill effects of gender roles. Women had to fight to have the same advantages and opportunities that men possess. Before modern times, many people would believe that a woman s place is in the home but now it is common for the modernRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman1024 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Gutierrez Professor Gilbreath Drama 10 6 April 2015 1026 Words The Death of A Salesman San Joaquin Delta College presented Arthur Miller s Death of A Salesman on Sunday the twenty-second of March at 2 o clock in the afternoon. This play is about a young man and his father coming to terms with the past and their futures. Willy Loman, an old salesman, is dealing with both financial and health difficulties. He is put under even more pressure when his unsuccessful son, Biff, returnsRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death of a Salesman is a heart-wrenching story of a man named Willie, and his fight for economic freedom. The story takes place in 1931, and it starts off with Willie’s faint memory of his father, who was a flute maker and a salesman. Willie is a sixty three-year-old salesman who has work his entire life to achieve the common goal of the American Dream. Nevertheless, while trying to achieve economic freedom he ends up becoming trapped in the process. Willie in a lot of ways, died before his carRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesma n995 Words   |  4 PagesHope Miller’s play, The Death of a Salesman (1949) was about a family, and their struggles for the American dream. The family composition was not unlike that of an average family, a mom, a dad, and two children. Mom, Linda, tended to the house, oversaw the finances, as well as the lives of the remaining family members. Dad, Willy, supported the family as an on-the-road salesman. At first, Willy’s outbursts were confusing, but as I read the outbursts began to unfold the meanings buried in the storylineRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1187 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman There are some who would argue that it is precisely the ultra-capitalist mentality of individuals like Willy Loman that has propelled the American Economy to global dominance, but Arthur Miller’s classic work â€Å"Death of a Salesman† begs the question: at what cost? What does it do to a person, this desperate need to â€Å"be number one man?† Each of Willy’s sons draw a different lesson from his life and their assertions about how one should live offer a compelling choice for modernRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1278 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Flatley Flatley 1 Mr. Nevels English 102 June 17, 2010 The Struggle Within There is a complete descent into madness evident in Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† The struggle Willy Lowman has come to endure during a life of lies and false hope is portrayed very well by Miller’s use of dialogue, stage comments, prologue, and time and perhaps best shown by the use of dialogue and character interaction. By putting all of these elements to good use Miller paints a perfect picture as

OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Free Essays

string(151) " each market as unique and implements a different approach in order to leverage on customer intelligence on its clubcard \(Datamonitor Europe, 2004\)\." ABSTRACT The ultimate objective of most business to customer (B2C) organizations today is to increase on their productivity and revenues through system simplification, organizational potential and incremental improvements. Customer satisfaction is key to achieving this objective. With the continuously tighter global market competition, it has become a necessity for most organizations to focus on their operations in order to increase on their profitability and gain market leadership (Nice group, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customer service has thus become the main priority for these organizations to retain their market share and increase on their profitability. Operational management plays a key role in ensuring this customer satisfaction. This analysis thus seeks to examine the effectiveness of operational management in ensuring customer satisfaction within a customer facing B2C organization. An in depth case study of Tesco will be used to obtain the relevant data for this analysis. A multi-method strategy will thus be employed involving a quantitative survey through mailed questionnaires to the subordinate employees and semi-structured interviewing of senior managers within Tesco PLC. The interview scripts and survey questionnaires will then be analysed using thematic coding. Finally, conclusion will be drawn based on the findings obtained. INTRODUCTION In the recent years, globalization, information technology, super highway communication and international trade have posed numerous challenges and opportunities to business to customer (B2C) organizations which have resulted in the enhancement of the manufacturing capabilities through the introduction of new facilities, materials, procedures and techniques (Krajewski Ritzman, 2002). Hence managing the production/service system has become a major challenge in the global competitive environment. In order for business organizations to keep abreast with rapid technological changes and globalization impact, these leading edge organizations, both public and private, must have the ability to deal with the dynamic changes. Operational management leads the way for these business organizations to achieve their goals with minimum efforts. Operation management is that aspect of business the handles the production and service systems (Johnston et al, 2003). It is concerned with activities producing goods or involved in the delivery of services required by customers (Johnston et al, 2003). These activities are at the core of any organization and involve management of a vast majority of the organization’s assets, expenditure and its employees (Krajewski Ritzman, 2002). A commonly held misconception is that operation management involves only the manufacturing activities. It should however be noted that services are increasingly important and their contribution to the national economy far outstrips that of the manufacturing. Additionally, the overwhelming employment majority is provided by the service industry (Krajewski Ritzman, 2002). Operations management can therefore be defined as the effective planning, organizing and controlling of an organization’s resources and activities necessary to provide the market with tangible goods and services (Johnston et al, 2003). It thus applies to manufacturing industries, nonprofit organizations and service industries. Often, the main activities of operations management are production, product development and distribution. Related activities include inventory control, managing purchases, logistics, supply chain management, quality control, storage and evaluation processes (Johnston et al, 2003). The focus is mainly on maximizing resources, increasing efficiency and most importantly, ensuring customer satisfaction. Therefore, OM often includes substantial measurement and analysis of the internal processes. With the continuously tighter global market competition, it has become a necessity for most organizations to focus on their operations in order to increase on their profitability and gain market leadership (Nice group, 2006). Customer service has thus become the main priority for these organizations to retain their market share and increase on their profitability. Ultimately, successful operations management is the key to ensuring customer satisfaction by creating more value than the competition. This proposal thus seeks to examine the effectiveness of operational management in achieving better customer satisfaction within a customer facing B2C organisation. PROBLEM STATEMENT The ultimate objective of most business to customer (B2C) organizations today is to increase on their productivity and revenues through system simplification, organizational potential and incremental improvements (Nice group, 2006). Customer satisfaction is thus key to achieving this objectivity. However, most B2C organizations are currently encountering a necessity to respond to the rapidly changing customer preference, needs, tastes and desires (Nice group, 2006). Stiff competition coupled with increasingly changing customer needs has proven to be the endless driver of organizational performance improvement (Nice group, 2006). For these organizations to remain competitive and retain a larger market share in the global market, efficient management of the operating systems, including both the human resources and material management, must be made a priority. RATIONALE FOR SELECTING TESCO AS CASE STUDY The main purpose of this analysis is to examine the efficiency of operational management in ensuring customer satisfaction within a customer facing a B2C organisation. For this purpose, we selected a case study of Tesco PLC to obtain the relevant data for this analysis. Tesco PLC belongs to the retail industry and their principal products mainly include groceries, Consumer goods, telecoms and financial services (Datamonitor Europe, 2004). Tesco is one of the largest British retailers in terms of the global sales and domestic market share. It has over 923 stores and employs more than 240, 000 people (Datamonitor Europe, 2004). Operational management plays a key role to attaining the primary objectives of Tesco. Whether the current operation objective is to increase on profitability or to improve on customer service, the way in which Tesco utilises its resources have significant impact. As a consequence, there have been an increasing number of innovative developments in operations management in Tesco. Tesco recognizes the human elements as a value adding factor; hence the company has heavily invested in continuous professional development of its workforce (Austin, 2004). The plausibility of its operation strategies is also evident through its localizing and multi-formatting efforts to reach the global market (Austin, 2004). The discounter approach has also been useful in establishing strong customer relationships (Nice group, 2006). For its inbound logistics, Tesco has maintained a healthy relationships with its suppliers by importing own and unique systems (Nice group, 2006). Also, for the outbound logistics, the company treats its each market as unique and implements a different approach in order to leverage on customer intelligence on its clubcard (Datamonitor Europe, 2004). You read "OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION" in category "Essay examples" The procurement and distribution of produce are closely monitored and deliveries made through truck fleets (Nice group, 2006). Further, the company keeps track on goods purchased and products likely to be bought in future hence making Tesco as one of the largest databases worldwide. For its supply chain management, Tesco introduced lean management solutions. The company adopted path breaking techniques and systems like point of sales data, continuous replenishment, primary distribution and the RFID technology in order to increase on the efficiency of its supply chain (Austin, 2004). Through its effective supply chain management, Tesco has emerged as a market leader in the retailing industry in UK (Austin, 2004). Clearly, Tesco represents a successful organisation with efficient operational management. It should however be noted that the current expansion of its retail market into Europe and Asian markets have direct implications on operational management (Nice group, 2006). Nonetheless, employing an in depth case study of Tesco, in examining the effectiveness of operational management in ensuring customer satisfaction, meets the objectives of this analysis. RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The primary goal of this analysis is to examine the effectiveness of operational management in achieving better customer satisfaction within a customer facing B2C organization. Specifically, the research would like to accomplish the following objectives: To examine and analyze the operational management of Tesco PLC Understand the role of operational management in the retail industry To infer the correlation between operational management and better customer satisfaction LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE Over the past decade the focus of most prior research has shifted significantly but has concentrated predominantly on operations management within B2C organizations. A number of key studies are cited repeatedly in extant literature. Reference to these studies shall be made in this section as most of their contributions still apply to organizational practices today. Also supporting literature review, information for this research will be drawn from various publications and academic journals such as Academy of Management Review and Journal of Operations Management. A REVIEW OF EXTANT LITERATURE Research into operational management has long been a subject of debate in the public discourse (Flynn et al, 1990). Scholars and practitioners have in the past decades complained about the inconsistencies between applications and research into operations management and stressed the need for a field based research (McCutcheon Meredith, 1993). While Cox Ledbetter (1977) found a vast majority of firms in the UK utilizing operations research in operation management, Robey Smith (1973) observed that application of the research findings to real world situations was constrained by the lack of an integrative research. Bufa (1980) noted that we had become experts at defining problems of narrow scope, evaluating the results using a single criterion and building models to represent them. He noted that attention was rarely given to the problems facing practitioners; hence Bufa (1980) called for an operation management research agenda related to the real world. He suggested that results from research into operations management be made understandable and acceptable to practitioners. Buffa further called for continued research in strategic issues such as planning and control, technology, and location analysis among others. Subsequently, Buffa identified capacity planning, positioning and quality control as critical issues that must be addressed by service systems. While surveying four periodicals namely: Management Science, Decision Sciences, International Journal of Production Research and AIIE Transactions; Chase (1980) developed a framework with two dimensions, research orientation and research emphasis, to classify operation management research. He observed that most research in operational management (OM) was not integrative and focused on micro problems. His survey of published articles on OM showed that among the most popular areas for research were work measurement and inventory control. Research in service systems dealt exclusively with micro issues of staff scheduling. Graham Miller (1981), proposed a comprehensive agenda for OM research. Unlike Buffa (1980), this agenda was based on opinions drawn from a panel of practitioners and researchers. Graham and Miller called for OM research in four main areas: service systems, operations control, operations policy and productivity and technology. Graham and Miller recommended the use of case studies and empirical methods to augment traditional methodologies of simulation and modeling. More recently, there has been an increased interest in process design, quality and strategy (Meredith Samson, 2001). The increase is due to improved frequency among journal articles. The current research in quality has taken a more organizational focus unlike the statistical focus noted by Chase (1980). Further, the concept of operational management has revolutionized beyond just the internal production and manufacturing. It now encompasses activities such as product and process design, purchasing, and distribution (Prasad Babbar, 2000). According to Nernesian (2000), operations management is a process that deals with the transformation of raw inputs- materials, labour or capital- into useful goods and services. While this may be true, there is a whole lot dimensions to the operation management arena. However, the main objective of operational management in any organization remains to maximize on resources and improve on customer satisfaction. Customer service is therefore, key to operational management. Slack et al (2004) defines operation strategy as the total pattern of decisions which shape the long term capabilities of any operation and their contribution to the overall strategy. Slack et al (2004) asserts that the objectives of operation management relate to stakeholders interest. In this regard, customer satisfaction is of particular importance to Tesco PLC. In order to ensure customer satisfaction through operational management, Tesco’s operation performance objectives mainly reflect on five aspects namely: quality, speed, cost, dependability and flexibility. As Slack et al (2004) points out, quality is vital for every operation within a B2C organization since it is an important aspect of customer satisfaction. Hence for a grocery retailer like Tesco, quality could mean that stores are clean and tidy, stores are in good condition, staff is friendly, courteous and helpful, and decor is appropriate and attractive. In this regard, Tesco hired staff to be placed into the stores and distribution centers so as to improve on availability and services hence increasing customer satisfaction (Austin, 2004). Additionally, Tesco launched a clubcard which contains customer information hence enabling it to better understand its customers (Austin, 2004). LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY There has been a proliferation of empirical research in the area of operations management. Renowned operation management scholars have attempted to focus and direct OM research towards areas of importance and relevance to industry (Wacker, 1998). Clearly, this review has identified that whilst there is an extensive body of publications into operational management, relatively few rigorous and systematic studies have examined the effect of operational management in customer satisfaction. RESEARCH QUESTIONS To develop an efficient operation management, emphasis should be placed on systems approach which stresses on the techniques, concepts and policies essential for effective and economical design, control of manpower, materials, facilities, capital and informational inputs of an organization (Johnston et al, 2003). To guide our research on operational management we will develop the following preposition: To identify the effectiveness of operational management, one should focus on productivity tools such as Manufacturing Resource Planning, Total Quality Control, Simulation and Animation of Production Operations, Just in Time Techniques, Optimized Production Techniques and Decision Support Systems (Johnston et al, 2003). Based on this proposition we develop three research questions: How do these productivity tools increase the efficiency of operational management in Tesco How can operational management be assessed with regard individual performance and productivity of Tesco PLC What is the potential effect of efficient operational management on customer satisfaction METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY The study will adapt an intepretivist research philosophy which is characterized by high degree of subjectivity. Intepretivism takes an ideographic approach to the study and requires a more detailed and rigorous analysis (Swamidass, 1991). This particular philosophical approach has been chosen as it allows the researcher to not only observe and learn, but to also actively engage in the discussion on the effectiveness of operational management in ensuring customer satisfaction. Hence the researcher’s knowledge will be closely aligned to that of the participants. Through this particular philosophical approach, the researcher will be able to explore on the subjective meanings that motivate people’s actions and how effective operational management can improve on customer satisfaction. RESEARCH APPROACHES There are generally two major research paradigms often employed in data collection and analysis namely: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative methods are formal and objective and they involve systematic processes that generate numerical data (Scudder Hill, 1998). Quantitative research is â€Å"used to answer questions about the complex nature of phenomena, often with the purpose of describing and understanding the phenomena from the participants’ point of view† (Scudder Hill, 1998). With quantitative methods the researcher is able to infer the conclusion through assessing participants’ perceptions and views. On the contrary, qualitative approaches are non-numerical and focus on gathering mainly verbal data (Stuart et al, 2002). The qualitative paradigm is based on a constructivist principle: the belief that reality is socially and subjectively constructed (Stuart et al, 2002). When looking at qualitative versus quantitative methods of data collection, it is obvious that there are advantages and disadvantages associated with each methodology. RESEARCH STRATEGY In order to capitalize on the strengths of both approaches and offset on their limitations, a multi method strategy will be employed by the researcher in collecting primary data. A multi-method strategy uses different data collection methods within a single research paradigm (Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003). It involves using more than one method but restricted to the methods selected from one world view. According to Tashakkori Teddlie (2003), a multi-method approach is important as it allows for the triangulation on an issue by employing different data sources in order to approach the research problem from the different viewpoints. A multi-method strategy will thus be employed involving a quantitative survey through mailed questionnaires to the subordinate employees and semi-structured interviewing of senior managers within Tesco PLC. DATA COLLECTION There is need for an integration of the original individual study through primary research with an existing knowledge and previous research. Therefore both primary and secondary data will be employed in data collection. Primary data will be based on questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviewing of retail managers at Tesco. Secondary research will be used alongside with primary research. Secondary data will be drawn from independent sources such as academic journals, published articles, textbooks, and internet sources. A review of the secondary publications will help in defining the agenda for subsequent primary research by suggesting the relevant questions to be asked. Secondary data will be useful in ascertaining, comparing and integrating with primary data for the purpose of comprehensive and logical analysis. DATA ANALYSIS Thematic analysis (Saunders et al, 2009) would be adopted in the analysis of data obtained through primary and secondary sources. The interview scripts and questionnaires will be analyzed using thematic coding. Contemporary research themes in operation management (such as the operation strategy, supply chain management, service operations, performance management and lean methods), which are based on the research objectives, will be adopted in analyzing the results obtained from the interview and questionnaires as well as the relevant data obtained from secondary publications. RELIABILITY, VALIDITY AND GENERALIZABILITY Due to the fact that semi structured interviews with one or several individuals would be involved in the data gathering process, the study may be prone to interview bias or error and respondent bias or error (Saunders et al, 2009). Moreover, Questionnaires are less likely to be valid as some respondents may answer superficially while others may not be willing to answer certain questions. Furthermore, survey as an instrument has been criticized with some researchers citing potential difficulties of survey administration. According to Meredith et al (1989), the efficient and effective implementation and administration of survey significantly influences the achievement of satisfactory responses and the overall success of data generation. In order to improve reliability, validity and generalizability, this study will adopt the following standards To increase the validity of the research findings and evaluation of responses the researcher will triangulate the responses with articles from independent sources such as published articles, academic journals, textbooks, and the internet and operation management reports. In order to improve on the response rate and content validity, the survey will be designed, formulated and implemented in a manner that follows recommendations from various authors. In particular, the recommendations on survey piloting, layout and questionnaire design by Churchill (1991), Dillman (1978) and Conant et al (1990) will be adopted. Questionnaires will also be issued on two separate occasions, and the two sets of responses compared statistically using spearman’s rank correlation for continuous data hence ensuring consistency of the responses. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS Some of the limitations that might be encountered by the researcher are discussed in this section and these include: Time constraints in conducting the research, analysis and interpreting results. Lack of enough resources for completing the research. CONCLUSION With the above taken into account, it can be concluded that this research proposal is of paramount importance. This research will contribute to the profound analysis on the effectiveness of operational management in achieving better customer satisfaction within a customer facing B2C organization. Conclusion will be drawn based on the findings obtained from the study. REFERENCE Amundson, S. D. (1998). Relationships between theory-driven empirical research in operations management and other disciplines. Journal of Operations Management, 16(4), 341-359. Austin.N. (2004), Exceeding expectations global retailer Tesco known for IT vision, http://epsfiles,internec.com/eps_files/eps_articles/Tesco_article_web_pdf, Updated 2005, accessed 25th July 2011 Buffa, E.S., (1980). Research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management 1, 1–8. Chase, R. B. (1980). A classification and evaluation of research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 1(1), 9-14. Churchill.G.A (1991), Marketing research: Methodological foundations, London, The Dryden press Conant.J.S, Mokwa.M.P, Varadarajan.P.R Cooke.R.A (1990), strategic types, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance: A multiple measures study, Strategic management journal, vol 11, pp.365-383 Cox Ledbetter (1977), The operations management agenda: an update. Journal of Operations Management, 8, 250–262 Datamonitor Europe (2004), Tesco PLC profile 2004, www.datamonitor.com, updated 2006, accessed 25th July 2011 Dillman (1978), Mail and telephone surveys: The total design method, New York, Wiley publishers Flynn, B. B., Sakakibara, S., Schroeder, R. G., Bates, K. A., Flynn, E. J. (1990). Empirical research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 9(2), 250-284. Johnston.R, Chamber.S, Harisson.A Slack.N (2003), Cases in operational management, London, Prentice hall Krajewski.L.J Ritzman.L.P (2002), operations management, New Jersey, Pearson education Inc. McCutcheon, D. M., Meredith, J. R. (1993). Conducting case study research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 11(3), 239-356. Meredith, J. R., Raturi, A., Amoako-Gyampah, K., Kaplan, B. (1989). Alternative research paradigms in operations. Journal of Operations Management, 8(4), 297-326. Meredith.J.R., Samson, D. (2001). Call for papers: Special issue of Journal of Operations Management on case study and field research. Journal of Operations Management, 19(1), 117-118. Miller, J.G., Graham, M.B.W., (1981). Production operations management: agenda for the ’80s. Decision Sciences 12, 547–571. Nice group (2006), Tesco and business systems UK Ltd work together to ensure a consistent approach to quality management, http://www.nice.com/about/success-story.php.id=27, updated 2005, accessed 25th July 2011 Prasad, S., Babbar, S. (2000). International operations management research. Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), 209-247. Robey Smith (1973), An empirical assessment of the perceived relevance and quality of POM-related journals by academicians. Journal of Operations Management, 10, 194–212. Saunders M., Thornhill.A, Mark Lewis.P (2009), Research methods for Business students, 5th edition Scudder, G. D., Hill, C. A. (1998). A review and classification of empirical research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 16(1), 91-101. Stuart, F. I., McCutcheon, D. M., Handfield, R. B., McLachlin, R., Samson, D. (2002). Effective case research in operations management: a process perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 20(5), 419-433. Swamidass, P. M. (1991). Empirical science: new frontier in operations management research. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 793-814. Tashakkori Teddlie (2003), Quantity and Quality in Social Research, London, Routledge Publishers Wacker, J. G. (1998). A definition of theory: research guidelines for different theory-building research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 16(4), 361-385. How to cite OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, Essay examples

What factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line Essay Example

What factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line Essay From this data we made a hypothesis on what factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line. My hypothesis was that year 10 pupils would be better at estimating both the size of angles and the length of lines than the adults and the year 7 children but adults answers will be closer to the mean on average. To prove this I would have to use the information in the spreadsheet .I first found the mean of angle 1 ,angle2 ,line 1 and line 2 in all of the sample of year ten all of the sample of year seven and all of the sample of the adults because using this I could find the average percentage error of each group because I felt this was essential in trying to prove the hypothesis I made earlier .The means for each were as displayed in the table below:Year 10Year 7AdultsAngle157.7665.4251.25Angle 2142.72141.04147.05Line 13.874.553.6275Line 214.5214.6112.7325At the moment when I produced the data it didnt interpret the data into what I wanted to know bu t I could find using the spreadsheet so first decided to find the percentage error of each group again using the calculation shown in the preliminary testing this was(difference between original and average estimates / actual size/length)* 100But first we thought that in the data there may be rogue results these are called outliers and are values that do not follow the data in a reasonable trend and so can be eliminated using a certain formula that creates upper and lower fences and if values fall outside of these two fences they can be classed as outliers and will be dismissed from the data . To implement this formula we need to find the upper and lower quartiles of the data, so by using Microsoft excel this data was found. The formula to find upper and lower fences to eliminate outliers is as follows:Lower Fence = Lower quartile 1.5 * inter quartile rangeUpper Fence = Upper quartile + 1.5 * inter quartile rangeFrom this we gained our upper and lower fences which wereYear 10Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 173.537.5Angle 2190110Line 15.51.625Line 222.37.7Then we did the same for year 7Year 7Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 192.532.5Angle 220585Line 17.251.25Line 219.57.5And for the adultsAdultsUpper FenceLower fenceAngle 16533Angle 2188.75110.75Line 15.51.625Line 26.87517.675With this data we deleted rogue values which amounted only to three.So now we can find the percentage error without worrying about rogue values influencing what could be a vital difference.Year 10 (%)Year 7 (%)Adults (%)Angle 17.218.96.8Angle 27.99.035.12Line 14.6232Line 216.1716.881.9This gives us an idea of to which group is better at estimating the sizes of angles and the lengths of lines but to see this in another way we can use box plots which are very useful for comparing sets of data from different groups within a certain population. The length of the whiskers can give an indication of how the data is skewed, either positively or negatively. Also the true value can be marked on to compare e ach of the medians to each other. By looking at the box plots , more specifically where the quartiles are marked we can see whether people tended to over estimate or under estimate. If the median is inclined slightly towards the upper quartile then people in that group under estimated more often than not and vice versa.So here are some box plots that compare all the age groups at both angles and lines.From this we see that the adults mean value is closer to the actual value of both angle 1 and angle 2 plus both the values of lines 1 and 2 ,this provides even more evidence to suggest against my hypothesis that years 10 pupils have a better ability at estimating both angles and lines because we have seen this through a percentage error and several box plot diagrams that we gained from using the averages from different groups but to prove my second statement in the prediction that adults estimates would be closer to their mean answer, which effectively means that adults made similar es timates to each other than the year 10 and 7 pupils , I need to use a statistical device called standard deviation this measures the spread of values from the mean, the bigger the value the more the answers are spread from the mean.Angle 1Angle 2Line 1Line 2Year 1011200.952.5Year 715301.53Adults1019.512.4We see the adults standard deviation figure being the smallest for three out of the four categories which proves one of my hypothesis statements correct but the other wrong this is because It was more of a guess than a prediction.Over all the taking all statistical methods used I came to the conclusion that adults were actually better at estimating both angles but it was interesting to see that the adults guesses had a small deviation from the mean (standard deviation) . The year 10 pupils by my calculations were second best ,their percentage errors were either very close to the adults in two out of four cases or dramatically a field from the other angle and line like the other two cases but their was a link between the angle and the line that were quite a bit out from the adult counterparts they were both the larger angles and lines using this information this could of provided another route of investigation to follow but then their was a factor preventing this being time and also looking at the year 7 data they were exactly the opposite to year ten pupils , where as they tended to be further out on the larger values of angle 2 and line 2 ,year 7 tended to be further out on the smaller sets of angle 1 and line 1 so their could have been a connection between this data and their ages or maybe gender but time did not permit us to investigate these fields.If I could reiterate the experiment I would make a more detailed hypothesis inducing me to analyse all possible fields that could of affected a persons ability to estimate the size of angles and lengths of lines an example of this is gender or intelligence but the field that I investigated which was age came out to me with a very clear result , this was that on average the older you are the better you are at estimating the size of an angle and the length of a line ,but we must take into account that we used a random sample of 25% from each group this meant that we could of missed some peoples estimates that could of affected or swayed the results to a different conclusion this could be important. This means the concluding statement may not actually be correct if further investigated with more detail and with more age groups such as year 8 , 9 and 11 but is still correct for the investigation we carried out. What factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line Essay Example What factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line Essay From this data we made a hypothesis on what factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line. My hypothesis was that year 10 pupils would be better at estimating both the size of angles and the length of lines than the adults and the year 7 children but adults answers will be closer to the mean on average. To prove this I would have to use the information in the spreadsheet .I first found the mean of angle 1 ,angle2 ,line 1 and line 2 in all of the sample of year ten all of the sample of year seven and all of the sample of the adults because using this I could find the average percentage error of each group because I felt this was essential in trying to prove the hypothesis I made earlier .The means for each were as displayed in the table below:Year 10Year 7AdultsAngle157.7665.4251.25Angle 2142.72141.04147.05Line 13.874.553.6275Line 214.5214.6112.7325At the moment when I produced the data it didnt interpret the data into what I wanted to know bu t I could find using the spreadsheet so first decided to find the percentage error of each group again using the calculation shown in the preliminary testing this was(difference between original and average estimates / actual size/length)* 100But first we thought that in the data there may be rogue results these are called outliers and are values that do not follow the data in a reasonable trend and so can be eliminated using a certain formula that creates upper and lower fences and if values fall outside of these two fences they can be classed as outliers and will be dismissed from the data . To implement this formula we need to find the upper and lower quartiles of the data, so by using Microsoft excel this data was found. The formula to find upper and lower fences to eliminate outliers is as follows:Lower Fence = Lower quartile 1.5 * inter quartile rangeUpper Fence = Upper quartile + 1.5 * inter quartile rangeFrom this we gained our upper and lower fences which wereYear 10Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 173.537.5Angle 2190110Line 15.51.625Line 222.37.7Then we did the same for year 7Year 7Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 192.532.5Angle 220585Line 17.251.25Line 219.57.5And for the adultsAdultsUpper FenceLower fenceAngle 16533Angle 2188.75110.75Line 15.51.625Line 26.87517.675With this data we deleted rogue values which amounted only to three.So now we can find the percentage error without worrying about rogue values influencing what could be a vital difference.Year 10 (%)Year 7 (%)Adults (%)Angle 17.218.96.8Angle 27.99.035.12Line 14.6232Line 216.1716.881.9This gives us an idea of to which group is better at estimating the sizes of angles and the lengths of lines but to see this in another way we can use box plots which are very useful for comparing sets of data from different groups within a certain population. The length of the whiskers can give an indication of how the data is skewed, either positively or negatively. Also the true value can be marked on to compare e ach of the medians to each other. By looking at the box plots , more specifically where the quartiles are marked we can see whether people tended to over estimate or under estimate. If the median is inclined slightly towards the upper quartile then people in that group under estimated more often than not and vice versa.So here are some box plots that compare all the age groups at both angles and lines.From this we see that the adults mean value is closer to the actual value of both angle 1 and angle 2 plus both the values of lines 1 and 2 ,this provides even more evidence to suggest against my hypothesis that years 10 pupils have a better ability at estimating both angles and lines because we have seen this through a percentage error and several box plot diagrams that we gained from using the averages from different groups but to prove my second statement in the prediction that adults estimates would be closer to their mean answer, which effectively means that adults made similar es timates to each other than the year 10 and 7 pupils , I need to use a statistical device called standard deviation this measures the spread of values from the mean, the bigger the value the more the answers are spread from the mean.Angle 1Angle 2Line 1Line 2Year 1011200.952.5Year 715301.53Adults1019.512.4We see the adults standard deviation figure being the smallest for three out of the four categories which proves one of my hypothesis statements correct but the other wrong this is because It was more of a guess than a prediction.Over all the taking all statistical methods used I came to the conclusion that adults were actually better at estimating both angles but it was interesting to see that the adults guesses had a small deviation from the mean (standard deviation) . The year 10 pupils by my calculations were second best ,their percentage errors were either very close to the adults in two out of four cases or dramatically a field from the other angle and line like the other two cases but their was a link between the angle and the line that were quite a bit out from the adult counterparts they were both the larger angles and lines using this information this could of provided another route of investigation to follow but then their was a factor preventing this being time and also looking at the year 7 data they were exactly the opposite to year ten pupils , where as they tended to be further out on the larger values of angle 2 and line 2 ,year 7 tended to be further out on the smaller sets of angle 1 and line 1 so their could have been a connection between this data and their ages or maybe gender but time did not permit us to investigate these fields.If I could reiterate the experiment I would make a more detailed hypothesis inducing me to analyse all possible fields that could of affected a persons ability to estimate the size of angles and lengths of lines an example of this is gender or intelligence but the field that I investigated which was age came out to me with a very clear result , this was that on average the older you are the better you are at estimating the size of an angle and the length of a line ,but we must take into account that we used a random sample of 25% from each group this meant that we could of missed some peoples estimates that could of affected or swayed the results to a different conclusion this could be important. This means the concluding statement may not actually be correct if further investigated with more detail and with more age groups such as year 8 , 9 and 11 but is still correct for the investigation we carried out.

Zomato Essays

Zomato Essays Zomato Essay Zomato Essay Users reviews are what attracts people to enter Combat, creating a networking effect PEST Analysis Political Economical ; Certain countries, like China, have rigid laws about forbidding foreign websites to be accessed in the mainland ; Crisis people want to be more aware of their pending and prefer to browse first (check for price ranges) ; Crisis hit the restaurant sector hard, restaurants need to make the most of any marketing tool available Social Technological ; Tendency to want to be in, people want to know which are the most trendy places ; Increased number of people with smartness and access to APS (85 billion APS downloaded from July 2008 to October 2014 in the Apple store, source:Satanist) ; People are becoming more and more trustworthy of the reviews of real users Market Trends Today Educated consumer Businesses traditional marketing tools arent enough Consumer cares about: other peoples opinion Market trends some data 88% read reviews to determine the quality off local business 39% read reviews on a regular basis Restaurants and cafes are the businesses that most search more for reviews (source: Bright Local) 72% of consumers say that positive reviews make them trust a local business more 88% of consumers say they trust online reviews as much as personal recommendations Competitors worldwide Among hotels, rentals and flights, Transistor also has a restaurant browser with reviews and ratings Google Maps now also features restaurant search aggregating information and ratings associated with the acquired website GATE Yelp is a business search engine (restaurants represents 42% of the content) that has a social network component to it Foursquare works as a city guide providing personalized recommendations to the users An online city guide that provides information about businesses in several categories, restaurants being one of them Competitors in Portugal The site features the most comprehensive database of Portuguese tourism resources, not forgetting restaurants (description, pictures, price ranges, etc. ) Best tables is a platform Of dinning reservations with a lot information about restaurants Lisbon is a comprehensive guide/showcase of the best of the city of Lisbon, including bars and restaurants Differential Analysis Competitors Transistor Regional availability (no of countries) Number of unique monthly views Languages Number Of App number of platforms 45 MUM 30 MUM 4 MUM 28 8 15 MUM MUM :erasure MUM 12 MUM 3 Cityscapes 1 (USA) MM 2 20 MUM 6 62. M Google Maps Yelp Combat Porter 5 Forces Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of suppliers Competition and rivalry Threat of substitutes nonusers High threat of new entrants: new entrants 1. No legal barriers 2. Low sunk costs 3. Low cost of advertisement on the internet promote their business Low bargaining power of suppliers: easy for new entrants to 1 . Restaurants arent able to negotiate with Combat over what information is shown on their page. High bargaining power of consumers: 1 . Low switching costs 2. The existence of Combat depends on the reviews and ratings of the users, the consumers help build the service provided High threat of substitutes: 1 . Substantial amount of companies who do basically the same thing as 2. Switching costs arent high, consumers can get information from other sites or even magazines and city guides 3. With the development of technology, it is very easy for anyone to create a website of online reviews High competition ; Many competitors with good brand awareness offering generally the same service; ; On-line reviews websites are pretty easy to create ; Switching costs are generally low Opportunity: The specialization of Combat in the restaurants sector can make people who are looking for a place to eat/drink more trustful of Samoss data and information comparing with its competitors. This happens because Samoss team concentrates its energy in providing the best possible service of that one (and only) segment. Samoss positioning inside porter 5 forces ; Combat should add some special features to the platform to create more switching costs ; Combat should broader the geographical presence but always taking in mind the quality of the information provided ; The fact that Combat has price ranges and scanned menus is a good differentiator factor which makes them stand out from other competitors Combat inside web 2. 0 ; Web 2. 0 designates World Wide Web sites that emphasize exaggerated intent, which is the case of Combat. ; Combat is only possible because of user generated content, since it is based on the reviews Of its users. ; The platform also allows users to create their own food diaries and share their experiences with friends. ; This relationship that users have with Combat makes them more loyal to the platform, which ends up being a switching cost. Value creation McFarland Matrix Strategic -> Agreements with some restaurants to operational the home-delivery meals (food-ordering being the current long-term strategic goal of Combat) Potential -> Partnerships with relevant impasses (they could partner up with Best tables like they did with Bookstall in K) Operational Tracking of the online reviews -> Local teams to conquer more restaurants to the listings Us port ->Weekly reports to the listed restaurants about their page visitors/reviews Value chain Support Activities ; Human Resource Management the website has a list of all the available jobs according to country and position. The website has a blob which contains analysis posted by Mr.. Soya, sharing current events and strategies of the company, which help Combat sharing their vision to clients and investors. It is also available an inbox and a local telephone number where customers can leave opinions about the service. ; Technology will assist the company on their operation s, strategy and innovation. Customers post their reviews soon after their experience. Assist clients deciding each place better suits their food preferences. Clients are able to find which restaurants are closer to the desired location . Procurement Combat has its own team for approaching new restaurants and negotiate their entrance on the website. Sometimes, the opposite happens and are the restaurants that approach the company to negotiate their entrance. Primary Activities ; Inbound logistics Combat looks for potential restaurants that believe figuring in the website can be beneficial for both. All the information is hold on a virtual data-base. ; Operations -Combat collects information about the restaurants (price range, location, food type, in order to provide clients with the most information possible to figurate on the website. ; Outbound logistics the collected information is arranged by category to better suit the customers needs.

Having a Job in High School Has More Benefits Than Just a Paycheck

Having a Job in High School Has More Benefits Than Just a Paycheck SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Having a job used to be a rite of passage for high school students. They’d put in some hours during the school year and over the summer and often be able to pay for most of their college expenses with the money they earned.However, as today’s current high schoolers are facing piles of homework, pressure to excel on sports teams and clubs, and tuition costs that no entry-level job could ever cover, many people are rethinking the concept of high schoolers working. Are there still benefits to having a job in high school?Yes. There are many reasons for a high school student today to have a job, and those benefits extend far beyond just a paycheck. Having a job in high school can not only be a great experience in and of itself, it can also set you up to get even better jobs in college and beyond.In this article, I use my experience of working as a teenager to go over the key benefits of having a high school job. I also end by giving tips on the best jobs for high school students. My High School Work Experience When I was 14 years old, my mother told me that I needed to get a job in order to pay for college. Happy with my sporadic babysitting work, I resisted and told my mother that, no matter what job I got, I’d never be able to pay for college on a high school worker’s salary. To prove my point, I even got a calculator and showed her it’d take several years of full-time work on a minimum wage salary to cover college costs. My mother dismissed those arguments and told me that there were plenty of other reasons why I should get a job beyond just the paycheck. So I found myself applying for and eventually accepting a job as a swim instructor and lifeguard at my town’s local pool.I ended up working at the pool through all four years of high school and eventually was promoted to a manager position. In the summer, I’d teach swim lessons in the morning and lifeguard in the afternoon, and during the school year I’d teach swim lessons weekend mornings and supervise the office occasional weekday evenings. Not everything about the job was great, and there were times I hated jumping in the pool on cold mornings and trying to convince cranky kids to follow my instructions, but overall, like my mother said, I got many benefits from the job beyond just the paycheck (although having spending money of my own was definitely nice). At my job, I made lots of new friends, more than I had made in high school actually. I also gained numerous skills including CPR training and office experience.Additionally, I was also able to use my work experience (as well as my experience as a manager) to stand out from other job applicants in college and get a paid research job as a freshman in college. Having a job in high school gave me work experience, independence, and a better idea of the type of career I wanted, and many other high school students can benefit from having a job.Even if the job doesn’t pay well, or relate to your future career, or seem all that fun, there are still tons of benefits to having a high school job, and we’ll go over them in this article. The 6 Key Benefits of High School Jobs There are numerous benefits to getting a job in high school, some of which are obvious and others less so. This section covers six of the main benefits you can expect to get from having a job as a high school student. #1: You’ll Earn Money The most obvious benefit to getting a job in high school is that you’ll be making money. Now, since you’re starting at the bottom rung of the ladder, this likely won’t be a ton of money. When I first started working, I made the princely sum of $5.25 an hour (before taxes), and that’s not going to make anyone rich. However, even the salaries of low-paying jobs begin to add up over time, and since you’re in high school, your expenses are very low or non-existent. That means you can put all that money towards whatever you want, like a college fund or new clothes or attending concerts, instead of having to pay bills and students loans. My parents recommended that I put half my paychecks in my savings account, so I did that and used the other half to buy an expensive guitar that I could have never have afforded without my job.And even if your high school job is an unpaid internship or volunteer work, not to worry. There are plenty of other benefits of a high school job, which we discuss below. #2: You’ll Learn New Skills No matter what your first job is, even if it seems incredibly easy and/or incredibly boring, you’re guaranteed to pick up skills you didn’t have before.These skills can include anything from learning how to work a cash register, to building customer service skills, to figuring out the trick to balancing all those restaurant dishes on your arms at once. The skills you learn may not be that interesting to you, and they may not be anything close to the skills you need for your future career, but it never hurts to gain new knowledge. It may end up being interesting or useful to you down the line. At my job, I learned how to teach different swimming strokes, how to administer CPR, and a host of first-aid skills. These are all pretty helpful to know, however; I didn’t end up using most of them in my future jobs. The main skill that was useful for other jobs I had down the line was learning how to use a pretty obscure computer program to track pool visitor numbers. It was clunky and annoying to learn, but, years later, I applied to an internship that also used the same program, and my future boss told me that having that random skill helped me beat out the competition and get the job. So don’t knock any of the skills your job teaches you because they may come in handy someday. #3: You’ll Gain Work Experience In addition to learning new skills, your high school job will help you gain valuable work experience. Everyone goes through a learning curve when they first begin working as they learn how to manage their time effectively, how to interact with coworkers, how to make sure they get to work on time, etc. No matter what other strengths you have, you’re going to be a pretty bad employee until you figure those basic work skills out. This is why a lot of employers are hesitant to hire someone who’s never worked before, even if they have great grades and otherwise seem like they could be an excellent worker. A few months after I started working, my job had a mandatory meeting one night that every employee had to go to. However, I didn’t go because, for some reason, I didn’t believe it was really mandatory or important for me to attend that meeting. Afterwards, I got a stern talking to from my boss and it was embarrassing, but it’s better to make those mistakes early on, when the stakes are low and your boss is more likely to be understanding. By college, with four years of work experience under my belt, I definitely wasn’t making those beginner mistakes during my research job. So, even if your high school work experience only amounts to flipping burgers for a summer at your local fast food joint, that can still give you a huge leg up over people with no work experience when you apply to jobs in college and later on. If you start learning the skills to being a good employee in high school, you’ll set yourself up to be an outstanding employee later on down the line. So make your mistakes now instead of later (but don’t make the same mistake I did because that was pretty dumb of me). #4: You’ll Learn More About What Kind of Career You Want As a high school student, you’ve likely spent a lot of time thinking about the type of career you want to have, even if you haven’t come to any firm conclusions about what you want to do. Thinking about and researching different types of jobs is great, but the best way to figure out what you want to do is to actually try different jobs out. Now, your high school job likely isn’t the job you want to get after you finish school, but it’s still a great way to get a taste of the working world and figure out which things you enjoy in a job and which you don’t. When I was a teenager, I was pretty sure I was going to be a scientific researcher and possibly a professor. That career had nothing to do with my high school job of teaching swim lessons and being a lifeguard. However, I was able to use my high school work experience to get a better idea of what kind of job I would enjoy. One of the best ways to do this was to think about what I liked and what I didn’t like about my high school job. Things I liked included being around people, being active and outside, and working with kids. Things I disliked included knowing I was responsible for the safety of everyone in the pool, giving kids low marks on their swimming tests, and dealing with parents who were angry their child didn’t pass to the next swim level. None of this radically changed my career goals, but it did encourage me to consider having a job that let me do more than just sit at a desk or in a lab, and it made me think more critically about being a professor, where I’d regularly have to give out low grades and speak with unhappy students and parents. #5: You’ll Meet New People Unless your high school job involves sorting old moss specimens in a warehouse by yourself (a job I also once had), you’ll meet lots of new people at work.Your coworkers will likely be people you wouldn’t have met otherwise, which is a great way to expand your social circle beyond your high school friends and learn more about different types of people. Many workplaces that employ high school students have a lot of similarly-aged people working there who often develop a strong camaraderie, which means your new coworkers could end up being some of your best friends. However, there’s also the possibility that you won’t like someone you work with, whether this is your boss, customers you need to help, or that one coworker who steals everyone else’s lunch. And even though that’s not as fun as being friends with everyone you work with, it’ll help prepare you for the many times in the future you have to work with or interact with someone you’re not crazy about. #6: You’ll Gain Independence One of the most important benefits of teenager jobs is that you’ll achieve a degree of independence you likely haven’t experienced before.As a high school student, you’ve probably lived your entire life with your parents and been under their rules or your school’s rules when you’re in class. At a job, you’re deemed responsible enough to manage your own duties, and you’ll have fewer restrictions than you likely do at home or school. As an employee, you’re not just a student or a kid; you’re a full-fledged member of the team who’s considered smart enough to handle some responsibility. Your teacher won’t be there to tell you to stop talking and pay attention, and your mom won’t be there to remind you to clean up after yourself. You’ll be responsible for taking care of all your job duties yourself. Some people worry that teenagers who have jobs give up their childhood too soon and take on too much responsibility, but in my experience and the experience of my friends who worked as teenagers, I never found this to be true.My job, even when I worked full-time in the summer, still gave me plenty of time to socialize and have fun, and I was proud to feel more â€Å"grown up† and know I was trusted by my boss to do my job well. Succeeding at a job and earning moneyall on your owncan help you gain a lot of independence and self-confidence, and it’s a great way to help prepare you for college and the future when your responsibilities and independence will only increase. What Are the Best Jobs for Teens? Sometimes high school students and their parents worry about what the â€Å"best† job for a teenager to have is or if the job they’re thinking about taking is good enough.The truth is that most teenager jobs are about the same prestige-wise. Working as a waitress is no better or worse than working in customer service or at a summer camp. Each of those jobs can provide the benefits we discussed in this article. No one is expecting a high schooler to get a job as an investment banker or astrophysicist, so don’t worry about a job that doesn’t seem like it’s â€Å"good enough.† Many rich and successful people starting out flipping burgers or folding clothes at their local mall. Ditto to people concerned about getting a job in high school that matches the career they want to have. If you can find a job as a high school student that’s in the field you eventually want to work in, that’s great, but be aware most high schoolers take jobs that have absolutely nothing to do with their career paths. That’s OK since your career goals are likely to change between high school and when you actually begin working full-time. The most important thing is just to get a job so you can get the work experience, new skills and added sense of responsibility. It’s OK if you don’t think the pay is that great or the job isn't something you’re really interested in. My first job paid very little and had nothing to do with my career goals, but I still got a lot out of it. If possible, I’d recommend an â€Å"official† job as opposed to under the table work like nannying since the former gives you more experience with common workplace tasks like clocking in and out, attending meetings, and working with managers and coworkers. These are all things you’ll probably need to know for future jobs, so it’s good to start getting used to them now.Workplaces known for treating young and new workers well are also a good bet. Finally, when you’re looking at jobs, make sure they’re convenient for you to get to and will work with your schedule. You don’t want to take a job only to find out a few weeks later that it conflicts with a sport or club you're in. Conclusion: The Benefits of High School Jobs Having a job is not for every high school student; many teenagers these days already have jam-packed schedules between school and sports and clubs. As a junior in high school, I had to cut back on my job hours during the school year because I was feeling overwhelmed with homework.However, for many high school students, there are numerous benefits to be gained by having a job. Not only will high school jobs give you a way to earn some money, meet new people, and gain some more responsibility, you can use your teenager jobs to get yourself a better job in college since can prove to employers you’ve already succeeded at one job. Some people wonder what the best jobs for teens are, but the truth is that any job with a decent boss, fair pay, and work that isn’t too miserable can get you all the benefits we discussed in this article. The most important step is just to go out there and find yourself a job. What's Next? Looking for job ideas?We've written a guide onthe eight best jobs for teensas well as steps to take to find the best job for you. Thinking about getting an internship?We've got you covered! Check out our step-by-step guide to getting an internship for teens for everything you need to know to land a top-notch internship. Looking to save your hard-earned earnings from your high school job? Check out our guides to saving money on the SAT and ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discuss by collecting and analyzing historical data and by giving Essay - 1

Discuss by collecting and analyzing historical data and by giving up-to-date real life example(s) from the American, UK or Europ - Essay Example The large scale of these interferences has brought intense public inspection of the Federal Reserve's institutional and power structure. Particularly, many have questioned why the Fed has the liberty to engage in such proceedings without the explicit approval from president or the Congress. This political interruption of independence is generally referred to as the independence of central bank. This essay focuses on assessing why Congress made the Fed’s independent when it created it in 1913. The important point to remember is that giving the central bank independence is the greatest way for governments to tie their own hands and put an end to them from misusing economic policies for temporary political causes. In the year of 1913, Congress purposefully formed the Federal Reserve as an independent and self-governing central bank, which formed a fundamental tension: how to guarantee that the Fed remains answerable to the voters without losing its independence. Over the years, t here have been various changes in the structure of Fed to improve its credibility, independence, answerability, and transparency. These changes have guided to a healthier institutional design that ultimately renders policy believable and based on sound financial reasoning, as against politics. In times of economic and financial crisis, there is a comprehensible tendency to reexamine the structure and formation of the Federal Reserve System. A central bank's independence, on the other hand, is the key tool to guarantee a government not misusing monetary strategy for short-term political reasons. In a currently well-known article that was published in the year of 1993, Summers and Alesina found that developed (advanced) nations with high levels of central bank independence also practiced lower average levels of inflation rate from the period of 1955-1988 (Farlex 2013: 1). Figure 1 reprints the chart from their essay, which clearly demonstrates this negative relation. Central Bank Inde pendence and Inflation: â€Å" Figure 1 Central Bank Independence versus Average Inflation. (Louis 2009: 1) More recently, as the top diagram in Figure 2 demonstrates, global inflation has slowed highly since the mid-1990s. On the other hand, as the bottom two diagrams point out, the rapid fall in global inflation was primarily due to growths in emerging marketplace and developing countries. In the advanced nations, the slowing happened much earlier, in the early 1980s. There were numerous causes for the global decline in inflation since the late 1980s, and this included stronger commitments to stability of the price (superior monetary policies), high rates of growth of productivity and the forces of globalization that increased rivalry and enhanced the elasticity of product and labor markets. As recommended by Summers and Alesina, increased independence of central bank appears to be another key motive for the decline in worldwide inflation (Farlex 2013: 1). As publicized in the ta ble below, there was a noticeable increase in central bank independence among the period 1980-89 and 2003. Though this trend was apparent and noticeable among advanced countries, it was particularly visible among developing countries and emerging market. Indeed, majority of the reforms that enhanced independence of the central bank occurred for the period of the 1990s and were in response to high levels of inflatio

Warfare in Medieval Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Warfare in Medieval Japan - Essay Example During the Nara period, conscription policy did not distinguish between a warrior and a peasant, which resulted in an army that suffered from poor organization because of the presence of unwilling farmers and government failure to devise regular system of promotion or command. Prior to 789 reforms in Japan’s army system with new regulations that necessitated the use of trained warriors together with men specially selected for their strength and prowess, imperial army was humiliated in 724. The year saw Yemeshi people revolt killing the governor of the province of Mutsu and seizing much of Japan’s mainland. Military power was the province of samurai families with two clans comprising many warrior households became the main security of the Imperial and the clans were Minamoto and Taira (Ratty and Westbrook 80). Another clan, the Fujiwara at the time dominated both Imperial court and the nation, grew its impact with soft life and intricate politics in the capital, which co ntained the seeds of disaster (Brinkley 4). However, the Fujiwara experienced their its first danger in 930 when the Fujiwara attempted the customary maneuver of putting a child in throne, a son eight years old named Shujaku, since the clan had selected Tadahira for the role (Kane 48). During Tadhira’s rule, Taira Masakado a warrior in Japan aspired to be a governor in his native province; however, Tadhira appointed his companion in a debauch manner, a man named Sadabumi. This made Masakado return to his home in disgust and even though he did not instantly get involved in a revolt, he was involved in family feuds. From his actions, Masakado became an outlaw to the Imperial court and instead of submitting to punishment of rulers that he detested, he raised a revolt. In 1159 rivalry in Fujiwara family created another upheaval with a dispute that concerned imperial succession with emperor Go-shirakawa abdicating in favor of his son and Fujiwara Shinzei supporting the ex-emperor. In an open battle, once the Taira household assembled its army the households met in the battle where Taira and Shinzei won a stupendous victory. Thus, the Fujiwara no longer ruled by their power and Taira Kiyomori, a man whose martial skills twice shaped the nation’s future, took advantage of the situation and crushed several conspiracies against his life (Kane 49). The Gen and Pei war that ended in 1183 with a naval battle at Dan-no-ura, saw Minamoto forces’ 800 ships attack Taira’s fleet of 500 in a battle that involved gaining the upper hand. When Minamooto secured defection of Taira admiral Tomomori, the Taira suffered total defeat as their samurai struggled to protect the ship carrying the infant emperor (Van Bergen 41). Emperor Antoku took the throne and the victorious Yoritomi paid long visits to the imperial capital seeking the office of Sei-i-tai-Shogun, the supreme military leader of the country, which he later gained. Though in the past emperors app ointed military leaders for brief periods in order to see the nation through certain crises, Minamoto Yoritomi ensured the office became permanent (Kane 50). Hideyoshi managed to impose control as well as peace and government, which partly lay in his diplomatic skills. Moreover, Hidoyeshi fought several fights campaigns against internal enemies, which ended not in military victories but with treaties in which rival clans received an active stake in the fresh Japanese order. Hideyoshi success lay in the ruthless

Teenage Dramas And Pop Culture Media Essay

Teenage Dramas And Pop Culture Media Essay American teenage drama series such as Glee, Gossip Girl, 90210, One Tree Hill, the O.C. and etcetera have won over the hearts of adolescents in this era. These teen drama series have become pop culture phenomenon such that they have expanded their fan base in Asian countries like Malaysia. The teen series craze is rather palpable among the students of Mara College Banting. However, to what extent are we aware of the effects of watching these teenage drama series? Are these trend-setting drama shows a good or bad influence on the students of Mara College Banting in terms of language and cultural interaction? These questions have inspired me to investigate my research question, How Does Watching American Teenage Drama Series Affect Mara College Banting Students Written Vocabulary? The main focus of my paper will be investigating how the dialogues of the characters and the visual stimulations of the teenage drama series affect Mara College Banting students own vocabulary. I specifically chose teenage drama series from the United States due to the intriguing colloquial language and the massive influence they have on the viewers. My area of study encompasses written vocabulary, particularly in terms of informal writing. It is worthy to realize just how much we have learned from watching these teen series and incorporating them in our daily language. Hence, observations on daily written texts in social networks, online conversations and diary entries will provide solid evidence relevant to this research. The focal aim will be colloquialism, abbreviations, idiomatic expressions and expansion of vocabulary. This research question is worthy of investigation because it scrutinizes the effects of watching American teenage drama series towards Mara College Banting students. From this research, I can determine whether or not the students incorporate what they learned unconsciously from watching these series into their daily written production. Language is so vital to human culture and social interaction.  [1]  After all, the Western media have greatly influenced the youths of Malaysia. With the growing popularity of teenage drama series, it is best to consider the implications it might have on the students English, specifically vocabulary. Background Mara College Banting students are truly huge fans of American teenage drama series. To conduct my research, I randomly selected 30 students from different types of courses (Medicine, Engineering and Biotechnology). The age group of my respondents ranges from 18 to 20 years old. To prove how much these teenage drama series have affected Mara College Banting students, I have extracted two Facebook  [2]  entries. Azzeem Shahren : Im out of GG, out of GLEE and out of Vampire Diariesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and theres just no waiting for the next episode/season when you only got 2 weeks leftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can someone supply me with other things to watch?  [3]  May 28, 10:51 pm Azmir Seed Fakkri: been watching Gossip Girls, Glee and next up is the Vampire Diaries.  [4]  May 26, 2:26 pm Evidently, the students of Mara College Banting are loyal fans of these teenage drama series. In fact, 93.3% of my respondents have admitted that what appealed to them the most about these series is the interesting storyline. The central characters are mainly adolescents, so the dilemmas that they face are relatable to the students. All the drama that drives the plot of the series is what keeps audiences glued to their television sets or computer screens. Mara College Banting students look up to the characters of the series because they envy the characters attractive appearances, talents and fabulous lifestyle. Diagram 1: Factors that appeal to the students most from watching teen series The bar chart illustrates the main factors that make teen series appeal to the students of Mara College Banting. Each respondent selects two main factors. With such a strong fan base, how much impact has these characters made on Mara College Banting students vocabulary? We should consider whether the dialogues performed by the actors are appropriate for us to apply in our own Eastern society. Most importantly, do watching these teenage drama series improve the students vocabulary or worsen it? If it indeed affects their language, what aspect of vocabulary does it influence? These questions will be answered once we probe the vocabulary used by Mara College Banting students in their informal written production. Colloquialism Colloquialism may be defined as a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, and is typically used in ordinary or familiar conversations.  [5]  Sometimes, it may come of as mildly pejorative, due to its intended use for informal settings.  [6]  There are many branches or types of colloquialism found in American teenage drama series, many of which are quickly learned by the students of Mara College Banting. Slang or contemporary youth language Slang is usually considered to be a low form of language and consistently associated with younger speakers.  [7]  Consequently, slang is more commonly adopted in informal conversations among friends. The characters in teen series use these slangs to avoid from being perceived as out-of-date.  [8]  Many students in Mara College Banting have confessed that they prefer using slang when communicating among friends because the phrase is much more catchy. Spread by television, music and now the Internet, American youths have generated a lexicon of their own.  [9]   As previously stated, characters in teenage drama series are trendsetters. The students of Mara College Banting have adopted the slang that they use as well. The following table shows a list of slang or contemporary youth language that they have learned from watching American teenage drama series. Table 1: Slang/ contemporary youth language  [10]   SLANG DEFINITION SERIES Bro Friend; commonly used for greetings Glee Pot Marijuana 90210 Freak out To panic/lose control Glee Dude A name for everyone, stereotypically surfers and skateboarders Expressing awe or emphasis 90210 Crack head One who partakes in smoking crack cocaine Gossip Girl Whacked Demented Glee Babe Endearing term used for girls, and sometimes describe boys Glee Booze An alcoholic beverage 90210 Noob Lacks intelligence or experience in a specific field The 0.C. Hot Attractive 90210 Mara College Banting students commonly use slang during informal conversations. This is a branch of functional linguistics- a theory of language that adopts a view of language as social interaction. According to Tom McArthur, slang is the equivalent of fashion and serves the same purpose. Like chic clothes and modes of entertainment, effective slang must be new, appealing and able to gain acceptance in a group quickly.  [11]  For instance, the students greet by referring to each other as dude, bro or babe in social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Myspace. Fizree Azreen Azhar : safe journey, bro Aizat Finggly : okay dude, I will consider Naqjwa Naq : Happy Birthday Ezzy babe! These slang terms act as social tools that enable teens to communicate and express themselves freely. They act as substitutes to certain words or phrases that may sound too formal. For example, if one wants to express his or her panicked emotions, that person would not say, I am in a state of panic! as this would be considered out-dated or just plain silly. Instead, the students of Mara College Banting would express their emotions as such: Arlina Arshad : I freak out knowing everyone has started or finished their homework.  [12]  June 8, 1:39 am Nadd Khar : haha, omg omg  [13]  hes hot. * drool * June 11, 1:30 am Social network is defined as a style of organization of social relationships characterized by highly mobile, interconnected links between individuals or groups.  [14]  After all, the main purpose of social networks and online chat rooms is to reconnect with old friends and perhaps make new ones. Therefore the tone or register of the written text should be informal. The students are free to use slang as they wish because their audience is just fellow teenagers. However, the use of slang is not limited to just social networks alone. The students also use contemporary youth language in their blogs  [15]  because these sites allow the freedom of writing and self-expression. This area of study is known as ethno methodology or conversational analysis. The student wishes to express his or her feelings towards her peers, and hence would apply slang to make the blog more accessible and conversational. The following extracts are a few examples of blog entries and text messages from the students of Mara College Banting: Im not dead yall. I just havent been writing for 4 months.  [16]   Whaddup homie Slang is sensitive to current styles so it changes rapidly in time. Most slang terms used in these teenage drama series are cool now, but would ultimately disappear from use within our generation or become standardized after frequent usage. Swear words /Vulgar terms Swear words, or bad words, on the other hand, are an extreme form of colloquialism. Consequently, some or all members of the society frequently consider these words taboo.  [17]  These words are mostly intended for offensive remarks and at extreme conditions; they affect racial and cultural issues. Cursing is not an unusual problem among the teenagers of America. Unfortunately, the students of Mara College Banting are slowly picking up this colloquial language themselves. Many, if not all American teenage drama series include vulgar terms in the dialogues. The curse words are underlined: Table 2: Curse words used in American teenage drama series SERIES DIALOGUE MEANING OF WORD Glee Season 1 : Preggers Puck: Sup, MILF? Acronym for Mother Id Like to Fornicate 90210 Season 1: Pilot Naomi: Well, you sound like a little bitch. And just to be clear, you are so disinvited from my birthday party. Annoying and whining female. Navid: Why didnt you kick his ass? To describe the buttocks Gossip Girl Voice-over: As much as a BFF can make you go WTF Acronym for what the fuck Twitter entry by a student: I think I see a double chin. FML (fuck my life)  [18]   Facebook comment by a student: Hey ass hole listen up!  [19]   The swear words used by the characters are quickly picked up by the students. In fact, 80% of my respondents agree that the language used in American teenage drama series include vulgar terms. Visual stimulation from these teenage drama series is also to be blamed for injecting the students with vulgar vocabulary. The most recent and prominent example would have to be the advertisement campaign for Gossip Girl in April 2008: gossip-girl-omfg.0.0.00.432325.jpeg The term OMFG stands for Oh My Fucking God- a rather abrasive and extremely colloquial phrase. The commercial for this campaign itself explains exactly what this word means to the public. No doubt, the show used this term to attract viewers and boost their ratings. Every respondent who watched Gossip Girl learned what OMFG meant just by watching the advertisement for this series. Due to the controversial nature of this term, Gossip Girl has succeeded in gaining popularity. However, the students of Mara College Banting do not resort to such profanity. They often use euphemisms to replace the F word with words like screw or shit. The students are rather cautious on what they write in the Internet because it is public domain. According to Kimberly Cunningham, ones positioning in social networks has a large implication on the span of an individuals power in a contemporary informational society.  [20]  Considering that the students want to fit in and make new friends, they would surely be careful in choosing their words. Making a good impression in order to make new friends online is really important to teenagers. Hence, the students of my college rarely write swear words in their profiles. After all, these students would only use curse words with friends that they are truly familiar with. When dealing with new friends or acquaintances, Mara College Banting students make use of slang in order to break the ice. As the friendship develops even further and the students become closer together, then the circumstances would permit the students to use these swear words. Abbreviations With the growing use of the Internet, written texts have evolved tremendously. The Internet is primarily a reading medium that encourages brevity, but often of the wrong sort.  [21]  Real-time text-based communications such as Facebook, Twitter, e-mail and Short Message Service (SMS) have caused the emergence of a new language suited to the compactness of this new media.  [22]   Teenagers like the students of Mara College Banting use acronyms instead of typing full sentences because it is more convenient. They utilize acronyms as much as they can to save time and money. The following table shows the acronyms that my respondents have learned from watching American teenage drama series. Table 3: Acronyms learned from watching teenage drama series ACRONYM TRANSLATION SERIES OMG Oh My God Gossip Girl MILF Mother Id Like to Fornicate Glee XOXO Hugs and kisses Gossip Girl LOL Laugh Out Loud 90210 XOXO actually symbolizes hugs and kisses. The X symbolizes a kiss and O is the shape of a hug. It is popularized through Gossip Girl because XOXO is the narrators catchphrase. In most episodes, the narrator would always include it as such: And who am I? Thats one secret you know Ill never tellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You know you love meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ XOXO Gossip Girl.  [23]   This abbreviation has become popular among the students of Mara College Banting. A lot of them use XOXO to express their fondness among friends while others simply write XOXO to quote Gossip Girl. This clearly shows how much impact watching teenage drama series had on the students vocabulary. In fact, 83.3% of my randomly selected questionnaire respondents use acronyms in their text messages and written productions online. The following phrases are comments written by the students in social networks: Dhania Haron : Hey Farah! Well have to wait for Fred for the venue and date. XOXO, Dhania   [24]  June 1, 10:03 am Azmir Seed Fakkri : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦careful Mr S, the internet might bring more benefits than you think it isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ XOXOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ gossip girl Azmir Seed Fakkri : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can you give me your blog link? XOXO blogger boyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [25]   May 26, 8:01 pm Azhari Rosli : Im awesome-er hahahaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I know you love meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ XOXO haha  [26]   June 11, 3:33 pm However, the most frequently used acronyms are OMG which stands for Oh My God and LOL which is an abbreviation for laugh out loud. The OMG acronym is picked up from many teenage drama series, mostly from the characters dialogue and text messages. It is usually to portray disbelief or awe. LOL, on the other hand is usually intended for written texts to express laughter. A lot of Mara College Banting students apply the acronyms they learned from teenage drama series in their text messages and social networks. Nadiah Bajunid : OMG I wanna go if theres a hot guy too! Is this the one in OU? Rofi Dang : LOL. Totally. Haha Azzeem Shahren : Btw (by the way)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ upload the vids (videos)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ whoever has it! Farah Farhana : babeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sorry I was awayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Will do the comment *ASAP (as soon as possible). Expanding vocabulary New Terminology A lot of teenage drama series tend to create new terms to keep audiences wondering what those terms really mean. As preciously stated, Gossip Girl had popularized the acronym OMFG and used XOXO as its trademark. However, it is not the only teen series that have introduced new terms. My questionnaire respondents interestingly pointed out some terms that they have learned from watching other teenage drama series; most of which are not even in the dictionary. For instance, Chrismukkah is a term that was popularized in the O.C. whereby it is a celebration of both Christmas and Hanukkah. The character, Seth Cohen had parents who had separate beliefs. His father was Jewish whereas his mother was Protestant. Hence, to combine both beliefs, Seth claimed to have created this holiday.  [27]  The term had already existed prior to the series, but it was the O.C. that had made the term popular among viewers, which include the students of Mara College Banting. Another example would be the pop cultural phenomenon- Glee. This teenage drama series had literally invented a term of its own. Episode 11 of Season 1 was entitled Hairography. The definition of this term was explained in the dialogue of Rachel Berry with the Glee Club advisor, Mr. William Schuester. The following excerpt is Rachels description of the term: What they were doing were all just smokes and mirrors- its called hairography. All of the whizzing of their hair around just to distract from the fact that theyre not really good dancers and their vocals were just so-so.  [28]   Besides that, Glee also coined the term Lima loser. A Lima loser is a person that will not amount to anything and would always be a loser for the rest of his or her life. Lima is actually an abbreviation for lost in the middle of America (L.I.M.A.) where the characters in the series live.  [29]  This term was introduced through Quinn Fabrays dialogue when Puck confronted her: Youre a Lima loser and you will always be a Lima loser.  [30]  Season 1 Episode 4 From the dialogue performed by the characters, the students of Mara College Banting now understand the definition of the word Hairography and Lima Loser even if they did not exist previously. Considering that Glee is a musical series, the terms introduced by this teen series will most certainly be related to music. The perfect examples would be Mash-Up and Theatricality. Once again, the character explains the definition of the term verbally. The following is the script that describes the terms: Mr Schuester : A mash-up is when you take two songs and mash them together to make an even richer explosion of musical expression Season 1 Episode 6 Shelby Corcoran: But being theatrical doesnt mean you have to be a nuclear explosion. It can be like, like a quiet storm. You just have to radiate emotion, express whats deep inside you. Thats what theatricality is truly about.  [31]  S1 Episode 20 The musical jargons are also introduced from the dance routines. In the episode Throw down, Sue Sylvesters character wanted Mike Chang to show his pop and lock moves. Mike Chang started to dance to the pop and lock style, thus demonstrating what the term really meant without saying a word. 14.1.jpgimages.jpeg Pop and lock is a style of break dancing which involves short, rapid movements of the arms and the legs (popping), combined with brief pauses in between movements (locking).  [32]  Mike Changs character had perfectly demonstrated these dance moves in many episodes. Rather than explaining it in lines, Mike shows it to the audience. This is an example whereby visual stimulation from teenage drama series can expand the students vocabulary. Therefore, teenage drama series had clearly been educational to some extent. The students who are not musically inclined are now more knowledgeable in music by watching teenage drama series like Glee. The new words that they have learned, regardless whether or not they were invented by the series or established in the English dictionary have greatly expanded their vocabulary. Even Fox Entertainment Boss, Pete Rice quoted, In just one year, Glee has transcended the television landscape and emerged as a global pop culture phenomenon. Glee has gained so much popularity worldwide that the fans of Glee have been given the nickname Gleek. The word is actually a combination of Glee and geek. Therefore, all the students of Mara College Banting that are obsessed with Glee would refer to each other as a Gleek. Adjectives In relation to learning new words, a minor group of Mara College Banting acknowledged that these American teenage drama series had taught them new adjectives. Since adjectives are important to describe the characters emotions or actions, a lot of these adjectives are added into the students ever expanding vocabulary. Table 4: New adjectives learned through watching teen series: ADJECTIVE SERIES DEFINITION Abrasive Glee A person who is rude and unkind Fugly Gossip Girl Fucking ugly Slampy One Tree Hill Very small; not covering much Most adjectives used in American teenage drama series are in a sense, invented. Only one or two new terms learned from watching these series are actually real English words. Words like fugly and slampy are terms that the series have introduced on their own. Fugly uses the F word (euphemism for fuck) to give a much stronger impact or emphasis on the adjective ugly. Slampy is also another negative term created by teenage drama series. (c) Idiomatic Expressions Despite the negative terms that have been injected into the vocabulary of the students of Mara College Banting, there are also pros to watching these teenage drama series. Some teenage drama series include idiomatic expressions in the script. My respondents have learned many idioms while watching these shows. Table 5: Idiomatic expressions learned from Glee (extracted from questionnaires): IDIOM DEFINITION Cock o the walk Used to describe a person who is too cool for school On the down low A man, who for all intents is straight, however once in a while likes to engage in gay sex Over the shoulder boulder holder Large bra One in the oven Pregnant woman Washed up Someone that has once led its peak of greatness far too long ago Judging from the list of idioms used in the script of teenage drama series, there is no denying that watching these series can also be educational. It is difficult to learn idiomatic expressions through memorization. Hence, the visual stimulation from teenage drama series would make it easier for the students to remember the idioms. When the terms are applied in daily situations like the teenage drama shows, the students would know the proper way of applying those idioms. They would be able to widen their vocabulary with ease. CONCLUSION The main objective of this Extended Essay is to investigate on how watching American teenage drama series can affect the vocabulary of Mara College Banting students. The dialogue and visual stimulations of the teenage series have indeed affected their written vocabulary, particularly in informal written texts. Applications such as social networks, blogs and text messaging provide the students the freedom of language and self-expression. Therefore, the students incorporate the vocabulary they have learned from watching those series into these applications. Collectively, these teenage drama series have added slang or contemporary youth language into the students vocabulary. Considering that the register in social networks and text messaging is informal, the students feel free to use slang. Besides contemporary youth language, the students have also applied abbreviations in their vocabulary. Acronyms are used, as they are more convenient compared to writing out complete sentences. This technique is picked up from watching the characters text using their phones or any other visual stimulations of the sort. However, these American teenage drama series often introduce terms that are rather offensive. Swear words are often written in the script to portray teenage angst and the degrading language in our society today. If used carelessly, these swear words might offend other teenagers and damage their self-esteem. The tone of conversation among youngsters may be informal, but care must be taken not to use colloquial language irresponsibly. Though there are some negative implications of watching teenage drama series, there is no denying that these shows are also beneficial to the students of Mara College Banting. More often than not, new terms are being introduced to these students. A lot of the students have learned new words by simply watching these shows. The visual stimulus also helped them memorize the words better. Hence, watching these teenage drama series have indeed affected Mara College Banting students written vocabulary. The new terms are learned and applied in informal written production such as social networks, text messaging and blogs.